Not all symbols are present on a computer keyboard. There is no diameter symbol on it either. The generally accepted designation for diameter is as follows - “Ø”. But there are many ways to insert it in many different applications. The most popular among them is the use of ASCII codes. The second method is associated with the Microsoft office suite and only works there. The third method is to use the clipboard. To execute it, you need the diameter icon itself, which will be inserted into the desired application using the “copy” and “paste” function.
All methods will be discussed in detail and presented in this article.
What does the circle on the phone mean? Mobile phone
In the toolbar of his smartphone, the user can find a lot of all kinds of icons, many of which mean absolutely nothing to him.
Do you know what the crossed out circle means? Since you are on this page, your answer is probably “no”. It should be noted that this depends on the smartphone model. In some cases, a crossed out circle indicates that at the given moment the sound on the smartphone is completely turned off, that is, silent mode is turned on. On others, Do Not Disturb mode is turned on. Here:
This example shows Do Not Disturb turned on. You can disable it through the quick access panel:
Just click on the indicated icon.
Do Not Disturb mode allows you to turn off certain notifications, but remember that you might miss an important call or message.
In turn, in the “Do not disturb” mode there is a choice of additional modes. In our example, these are: “Complete silence”, “Alarm clock only”, “Important only”.
Which one to use depends on your need. By the way, in other Do Not Disturb modes the icon may be different, here is an example:
This is done for the convenience of the user.
One day, you noticed that a new, mysterious star-shaped icon appeared on the notification panel of your smartphone or tablet, and after a while it also suddenly disappeared?
Don't be scared: you're just dealing with a new notification system that appeared in the Google Android operating system, version 5.0 Lollipop, and the asterisk is an indicator of one of its operating modes.
As you may already know, in this version of the Google operating system, if it is installed on your smartphone or tablet, you can set three modes for the notification system: “Do not disturb”, when no notifications or signals will disturb you, including even an alarm alarm clock; “Important” mode, where you will only receive important notifications, and “All” mode, which will display all notifications, as was the case in earlier versions of Android.
You can enable one of these modes on the system volume and notification control panel, which is called up by briefly pressing the volume up/down key on your tablet or smartphone:
Here you can not only select the mode you are interested in, but also set the duration of its validity: indefinitely or - until the next mode change or for a certain period of time, the duration of which can be used using the on-screen buttons (+) or (-):
So, if you turn on the “Important” mode, an indicator about this will appear on the notification panel in the form of that very mysterious asterisk. In Do Not Disturb mode, the star will change to a crossed out circle icon.
What are the “Important Messages” and how can I change them? Go to the main settings menu of your device, section “Sounds and notifications”, item “Alert modes”:
As you can see in the screenshot above, here you can select those events that will relate to important alerts, including events and reminders, messages, incoming calls and messages from certain contacts, and also set a schedule for the “Important Alerts Only” mode by day of the week and even certain hours these days.
In order for the user on his smartphone to be able to quickly switch from one application to another at any time, go to the phone’s Home screen or make a phone call, there is a Navigation Panel
The navigation bar usually consists of three touch buttons located on the phone panel below the screen, or three icons on the bottom line of the screen in the form of a triangle, circle and square.
Diameter sign
In cases where it is necessary to indicate the diameter size, use a sign in the form of a circle with a line “Ø”. This symbol is placed before the size number.
Examples of using the diameter sign:
Diameter signs on cylindrical and conical rotating parts
Dimensions applied when there is not enough space on the dimension line
Designation of sizes when there is not enough space for arrows
Diameter is the length of a straight segment connecting the surface of a circle. The diameter segment, in any case, passes only through the center of the circle. It is usually designated by the Latin letter “D” or the sign “Ø”. If the radius of a circle is multiplied by two, the sum is the diameter. All volumetric bodies that have a spherical shape, as well as those where at least one of the possible sections is a circle, are designated by diameter symbols. The word “diameter” comes from the Greek word “diametros” - diameter.
An example of the designation of four holes indicating the diameter
On technical drawings, diameters are indicated by a symbol in the form of a crossed out circle “Ø”. This sign is placed in front of the dimensional numbers of parts, which can be either cylindrical or conical.
In cross-section, the cone is a right triangle, one of the legs of which is parallel or parallel to the body of rotation. Its parameters are designated as follows: “D” – larger diameter, “d” – smaller diameter, “L” – length. In the drawing, the diameters of the cone are indicated by numbers, preceded by the signs “Ø” and the numerical value of the length without letter designations.
The most common parts with cylindrical surfaces include shafts for various purposes. Cylindrical bodies formed by rotating a rectangle around one of its sides are designated by diameter. Smooth shafts have some design features and are divided into varieties: straight, stepped one-sided, stepped double-sided and heavy. For example, the shafts of asynchronous motors, in which the rotor is mated to the shaft by pressing to its largest diameter, and on both sides there are steps for bearings, fans, and pulleys. Double-sided stepped shafts can also be found in various mechanisms where any other design features are required. Cylindrical parts generally have a maximum overall length and an outer diameter. Depending on the specific configuration of a particular product, it may include elements such as internal and external grooves, steps, recesses, etc. with different diameters, the values of which are preceded by “Ø” signs.
An example of applying a diameter sign on a spherical surface
Parts with conical surfaces include tool adapter bushings, which have conical outer and inner surfaces. Such bushings provide high centering accuracy and quick tool changing with sufficient rigidity when used on machine tools. Adapter sleeves come in short and long versions.
Conical tool parts of this type are called " Morse taper " and are divided into numbers. The angles, lengths and diameters of adapter bushings can be taken from special tables. In the tabular data, letter designations are used such as – “d” is the smaller diameter, “D” is the larger diameter, “L” is the length of the part. In the drawings, diameters and lengths are indicated by digital values, and the sign “Ø” is placed before the diameter numbers.
“Morse taper” - in addition to adapter bushings, it is used in the manufacture of twist drill shanks, end mills, fixtures and mandrels. Tool cones are fixed due to elastic and plastic deformation. To implement such connections in the spindles of milling and lathes, conical holes are provided for installing auxiliary tools. In addition, on a lathe, the tailstock quill has the same conical hole.
In technology, a large number of parts and their elements are used to indicate which the diameter sign is used. For standard diameter sizes, a parametric series is used, which includes standard sizes. When developing technical products, the calculated diameters are rounded to their nearest values. When designated on technical drawings, the diameter sign must be accompanied by the axis designation with a dash-dotted line, which indicates a circular cross-section of the part section.
How to disable the notification icon in Samsung smartphones
Today, Samsung is developing effectively. Numerous cool new Samsung smartphones and tablets are hitting store shelves. Basically, Samsung is in demand due to its reasonable price and excellent functionality. In terms of hardware specifications, Samsung has quite a few competitors.
Each mobile company ships its devices with several unique features and these features are only available in the mobile phones of these manufacturers. Samsung mobile phones https://smartbit.spb.ru/cat/smartphone/samsung/ are no exception. Samsung smartphones and tablets have a handy feature called Notification Badge. The notification badge is mainly designed to improve the user experience by showing all unread notifications.
What is the notification icon in Samsung mobile phones?
Notification icon is nothing but a small icon that can show unread notifications in the app. You will see a number on the corresponding app icon that will indicate the number of notifications. For example, if you have an SMS application and you have not read 3 messages, you will see the number 3 on the application icon in the menu.
This is a really interesting feature. People can use this feature to immediately determine if they have any notifications without even opening the app.
However, when you have invisible notifications in all apps, you will see a notification icon on all app icons. Some users think this is good, others find it inconvenient.
Some Samsung users who find this way of displaying notifications inconvenient would like to disable it on their mobile phone. There is a simple solution for this.
How to disable the notification icon on a Samsung smartphone
The best thing is that there is no need to install any third-party applications on your mobile phone to opt out of displaying the notification badge. There is also no need to root your mobile phone. Although the option is not explicitly available to users, it is nevertheless available on the phone.
There is a background process called BadgeProvider that runs in the background all the time. On the one hand, it shows the number of pending notifications, but, on the other hand, it consumes a lot of battery power.
To disable the notification badge, all you need to do is disable the BadgeProvider process. To do this, follow these steps:
Firstly, open settings. Then go to Applications menu and Application Manager. After that, go to the All tab. Scroll down and find BadgeProvider. Click on it to open settings.
Now press the force stop button, clear the data and turn it off. After this, you will have to restart your device.
After reboot, you will not find any notification icons. We hope this guide helps you.
One day, you noticed that a new, mysterious star-shaped icon appeared on the notification panel of your smartphone or tablet, and after a while it also suddenly disappeared?
Don't be scared: you're just dealing with a new notification system that appeared in the Google Android operating system, version 5.0 Lollipop, and the asterisk is an indicator of one of its operating modes.
As you may already know, in this version of the Google operating system, if it is installed on your smartphone or tablet, you can set three modes for the notification system: “Do not disturb”, when no notifications or signals will disturb you, including even an alarm alarm clock; “Important” mode, where you will only receive important notifications, and “All” mode, which will display all notifications, as was the case in earlier versions of Android.
You can enable one of these modes on the system volume and notification control panel, which is called up by briefly pressing the volume up/down key on your tablet or smartphone:
Here you can not only select the mode you are interested in, but also set the duration of its validity: indefinitely or - until the next mode change or for a certain period of time, the duration of which can be used using the on-screen buttons (+) or (-):
So, if you turn on the “Important” mode, an indicator about this will appear on the notification panel in the form of that very mysterious asterisk. In Do Not Disturb mode, the star will change to a crossed out circle icon.
What are the “Important Messages” and how can I change them? Go to the main settings menu of your device, section “Sounds and notifications”, item “Alert modes”:
As you can see in the screenshot above, here you can select those events that will relate to important alerts, including events and reminders, messages, incoming calls and messages from certain contacts, and also set a schedule for the “Important Alerts Only” mode by day of the week and even certain hours these days.
Today, Samsung is developing effectively. Numerous cool new Samsung smartphones and tablets are hitting store shelves. Basically, Samsung is in demand due to its reasonable price and excellent functionality. In terms of hardware specifications, Samsung has quite a few competitors.
Each mobile company ships its devices with several unique features and these features are only available in the mobile phones of these manufacturers. Samsung mobile phones https://smartbit.spb.ru/cat/smartphone/samsung/ are no exception. Samsung smartphones and tablets have a handy feature called Notification Badge. The notification badge is mainly designed to improve the user experience by showing all unread notifications.
Getting to know the symbols for washing
Different manufacturers may use slightly different labels. But, knowing the basic symbols, every housewife can easily decipher similar icons and their meaning.
An inverted trapezoid with a horizontal wavy line inside the figure - this icon carries very useful information on how to properly wash an item and not spoil its presentation. This icon also looks very much like a bowl filled with water. It is taken as a basis and outlined with various figures that carry prohibitions or permissions during washing.
Crossed out icon – cannot be erased. |
The familiar inverted trapezoid with a hand inside - hand wash only. |
A symbol without any additional figures - the item is subject to both hand and machine washing. |
The symbol underlined by one line means use a gentle wash cycle and low spin. |
Symbol underlined by a dotted or double line – use the delicate wash program. You can't squeeze with your hands |
There are various numbers on the label - use a water temperature no higher than the specified one: 30, 40, 50, 60, 95. Sometimes temperature conditions are indicated by dots: 30° - one dot, 40° - two, and so on. |
The icon indicates a temperature of 95° C - the clothes are subject to boiling, and when washing you do not need to be particularly careful. |
A triangle on the label means the item can be bleached. |
The crossed out triangle can most often be found on clothing made from colored fabrics. It means that the item cannot be bleached. |
What is the notification icon in Samsung mobile phones?
Notification icon is nothing but a small icon that can show unread notifications in the app. You will see a number on the corresponding app icon that will indicate the number of notifications. For example, if you have an SMS application and you have not read 3 messages, you will see the number 3 on the application icon in the menu.
This is a really interesting feature. People can use this feature to immediately determine if they have any notifications without even opening the app.
However, when you have invisible notifications in all apps, you will see a notification icon on all app icons. Some users think this is good, others find it inconvenient.
Some Samsung users who find this way of displaying notifications inconvenient would like to disable it on their mobile phone. There is a simple solution for this.
Ironing clothes
Now you have an idea of all the signs that can be found on clothing. Be careful, and before cutting off the tag and throwing it in the trash, familiarize yourself with the care of the purchased clothing.
When buying new clothes, we rarely look at the signs on their labels; we are most concerned about what size it is and whether it suits our figure. There are, of course, also those who are looking for the sign of a particular brand or label. Meanwhile, signs on clothing, if deciphered correctly, can tell us a lot about an item and make us think about whether it is worth buying this item? Will we be able to care for her properly? Will the acquired thing, despite all its beauty, be a burden to us?
All these questions can be answered by deciphering the signs on clothing. They can tell us how to properly wash (what mode, water temperature), wring (how many revolutions per minute), dry, iron the item (at what temperature), and also whether it can be dry-cleaned. In addition, the tag on the clothing contains information about the country of manufacture, the name of the company that sewed the item and much more. Is it any wonder that often on high-quality and branded items the tag is very, very long.
So, what do all these triangles, squares, circles and other geometric shapes mean (just a page from a geometry textbook)? Today we will tell you what all these signs on a clothing tag mean.
The most common signs on clothing decoding
Signs regarding washing
A bowl of water means that the item can be machine washed, i.e. in the washing machine. True, there are some nuances here regarding the permissible water temperature and the number of drum revolutions per minute.
Drying signs
A sign that looks like an envelope is an indication that the item should be dried in the good old proven way - on a rope, metal dryer or hanger. The main thing is that it is in an upright position.
A square with stirrup vertical lines inside - the item must be hung out to dry without any spinning. Such a tag can often be found on clothes with sequins, etc.
A square with one horizontal line in the middle explains that the item can only be dried in an unfolded, horizontal position, but not hung.
A square with two diagonal lines in the corner warns that the item can only be dried in the shade, but not in the sun. Usually such a sign can only be seen on the tags of bright things, i.e. where paint can fade.
A crossed out square means that the item cannot be dried, and therefore cannot be washed, i.e. This sign accompanies the sign prohibiting washing - a crossed out basin with water.
A crossed out “candy”, or rather, a twisted garment, means that the item cannot be wrung out.
Ironing signs
The iron pattern means that the item can be ironed
The sign on the iron tag has one dot in the center - it is allowed to iron at the lowest temperature. On irons it is no more than 90⁰С. As a rule, such a sign can be found on products made of silk, nylon and other thin and delicate fabrics.
The sign on the iron tag has two dots in the center - it is allowed to iron at medium temperatures, i.e. about 150⁰С.
The sign on the iron tag has three dots in the center - it is allowed to iron at high temperatures, i.e. at 200⁰С.
If an iron is drawn on the tag, and two vertical lines are crossed out under it (symbolizing steam), this means that the item can be ironed, but steaming cannot be used.
A crossed out iron is a ban on ironing the item.
How to disable the notification icon on a Samsung smartphone
The best thing is that there is no need to install any third-party applications on your mobile phone to opt out of displaying the notification badge. There is also no need to root your mobile phone. Although the option is not explicitly available to users, it is nevertheless available on the phone.
There is a background process called BadgeProvider that runs in the background all the time. On the one hand, it shows the number of pending notifications, but, on the other hand, it consumes a lot of battery power.
To disable the notification badge, all you need to do is disable the BadgeProvider process. To do this, follow these steps:
Now press the force stop button, clear the data and turn it off. After this, you will have to restart your device.
After reboot, you will not find any notification icons. We hope this guide helps you.
Drying
This is the last group of designations that can be found on labels of clothes and things. The drying method depends on these icons - from natural to machine. The drying sign is a square.
- A square that looks like a postal envelope means the possibility of vertical drying, that is, on clotheslines, hangers and swing dryers;
- A square with three vertical lines inside - allows you to dry the item in a vertical position, but without squeezing it;
- A square with one horizontal stripe inside is a sign that allows only horizontal drying;
- A square with a triangle in the left corner means drying only in the shade, avoiding direct sunlight.
How to remove the circle from the screen of Honor or Huawei
So, in order to remove the white circle from the Honor or Huawei screen, you need to disable this function in the settings of the smartphone itself. To avoid making mistakes with this section, use the step-by-step instructions below:
Go to the “System” section
Go to the subcategory “System navigation”
Click on the item “Navigation button”
Move the slider to the left next to the line “Navigation button”
As you can see, it is quite easy to clear the screen of a foreign circle. Even the most novice users of the Android operating system should not have any difficulties following this detailed guide.
Meaning
The “triangle with arrows” icon stands for “traffic saving”. When the icon appears on the screen, it means that the traffic saving feature is active.
Most applications require the Internet to activate and work. When the device is in a Wi-Fi zone, the user does not have to worry about mobile traffic. But as soon as the smartphone leaves the free Internet zone, the waste of mobile traffic begins, and it continues even when the application is in the background. And the user may not even notice how the limit is reached. A saving function was developed specifically to save mobile traffic.
How to remove the circle when you tap on the screen
Some users confuse the navigation button with the circle that appears when you tap on the screen. These are actually two completely different things, so you need to do different things to turn off touch display. So, for clarity, detailed instructions have been compiled:
Open the “For Developers” section
Near the “Show touches” line, move the slider to the inactive position
After completing the steps described in the instructions, the touch display function will be disabled. This means that when you click on the screen, no circle will appear.
Source
Drying conventions
In order for clothes to delight their owners with their newness for a long time, they must not only be washed properly, but also dried. The international graphic symbol for drying is a square with various additional shapes. So, let's get acquainted.
Empty square - the item can be dried in a machine. |
Crossed out sign – do not tumble dry. |
A horizontally rotated, sometimes crossed out, figure eight is drawn in the square - pressing is prohibited. |
Circle in a square - allowed to wring in the washing machine and dry in a drum and electric dryer. |
The sign with the circle is crossed out - do not wring it in the washing machine and dry it in a drum or electric dryer. |
A circle in a square with a dot in the center - it is allowed to dry in a drum or in an electric dryer at a minimum temperature. |
A circle in a square with two dots in the middle - it is allowed to dry in a drum or in an electric dryer at a hot temperature. |
The circle in the square is underlined by one line - use a gentle drying mode. |
The circle in the square is underlined with two dashes - select the delicate drying program. |
A square with three vertical lines inside - dry without spinning. |
An icon that looks like a pocket with a flap - dry in a vertical position after spinning. |
A square with a horizontal line in the middle - use only horizontal drying. |
The upper left corner of the square is crossed out diagonally with three lines - dry only in the shade. |
Follow these simple rules - and the symbols for washing and drying clothes will become your best advisers on how to keep your favorite things in great shape!
What does a crossed out circle mean on an Android phone?
In the toolbar of his smartphone, the user can find a lot of all kinds of icons, many of which mean absolutely nothing to him. Do you know what the crossed out circle means? Since you are on this page, your answer is probably no.
It should be noted that this depends on the smartphone model. In some cases, a crossed out circle indicates that at the given moment the sound on the smartphone is completely turned off, that is, silent mode is turned on. On others, Do Not Disturb mode is turned on. Here:
This example shows Do Not Disturb turned on. You can disable it through the quick access panel:
Just click on the indicated icon.
Do not disturb mode allows you to turn off certain notifications, but remember that you might miss an important call or message.
In turn, in the Do not disturb mode there is a selection of additional modes. In our example, these are: “Complete silence”, “Alarm clock only”, “Important only”.
Which one to use depends on your need. By the way, in other Do Not Disturb modes the icon may be different, here is an example:
Source
Whitening or stain removal
This group of symbols on clothing indicates what type of bleach can be applied to the fabric, if applicable. The bleaching symbol is a triangle with and without inscriptions inside.
- The triangle is a sign that the item can be bleached;
- A triangle inside with the inscription CL means that the item can be bleached with products containing chlorine;
- A crossed out triangle is a sign prohibiting bleaching, both with and without chlorine. That is, things may lose color during bleaching.
What is this circle on the phone screen and how to remove it
Despite the fact that Android seems to be a much more complex operating system than iOS, it turns out to be quite easy to understand. A day or two, and you will begin to feel as confident as possible; after a month or two, you will gradually switch to alternative app stores, and after a year, you will probably try your hand at customization. However, Android also has add-ons that are not so easy to understand even for advanced users. In any case, this is evidenced by the frequency of relevant queries on Google.
The same circle looks something like this
One of the Android features that baffles many users is the strange circle on the screen. Usually it does not appear arbitrarily, but only after enabling the corresponding parameter, but in some cases - for example, when installing an update - it can be activated on its own. Let's figure out what this circle is, what function it performs within the Android operating system and how to remove it so that it does not become an eyesore.
Spin
This group of icons describes how clothes are spun during washing. The spin symbol is a circle inscribed in a square.
- A circle in a square means that the item can be pressed, that is, it will not lose its appearance and integrity during spinning, both manual and machine;
- A circle in a square with a horizontal line at the bottom - only manual or delicate machine pressing is possible;
- A circle in a square with two horizontal lines at the bottom - allows for the possibility of gentle manual spinning, the machine can damage the item with this icon;
- Circle in a square with one dot in the center - allows machine drying at low temperature;
- A circle in a square with two dots in the center - it is permissible to dry the item in a centrifuge at medium temperature, that is, in normal drying mode;
- A crossed out circle in a square means that a thing with this sign cannot be dried or squeezed.
Home button on Android screen
Let's start with the fact that this circle represents a function button, which is an alternative way to control the system. With its help, you can go back a step, go to the desktop, launch the multitasking menu, and perform other actions that are usually performed either by under-screen keys or gestures.
Not all smartphones have a navigation button in their firmware. But Huawei and Honor devices have it
By the way, the exact same button is also available on iOS. True, I personally like it better on Android because of the wider range of possibilities. Unlike Apple, Google developers have made it so that you can not only press the button, but also use it as a virtual joystick. Thus, it perceives clicks, holds, and swipes.
This button is, in principle, quite convenient for users who cannot master Android control gestures - and this is a fairly common practice among older people, as well as for those who cannot get used to three/four buttons under the screen and either confuse them or allow random clicks. In this case, a single universal button can be an excellent solution, especially since it can be combined with other control methods.
Spherical triangles - use in 3D graphics
Over the past few years, 3D computer graphics have made giant strides forward. Quality and realism that seemed impossible before are now realized by graphics accelerators, accessible to the widest range of users. However, the principles of creating and visualizing 3D scenes and objects have remained virtually unchanged. The basic graphic primitive is still the triangle. Each scene object is divided into triangles and stored and displayed in this form. The disadvantages of this approach are obvious: complex objects are either too angular or contain a huge number of small triangles, which leads to a significant drop in performance. Thus, computer game developers and designers have to constantly make a choice between speed and quality. It must be said that many methods have been developed to improve quality with minimal computational effort, but even they are not able to hide the angular essence of the triangle.
Why not then abandon the flat triangle in favor of more curvilinear geometric primitives? The fact is that the use of curved surfaces in the general case leads to the need to perform a large number of operations with real numbers. Such primitives are used in professional three-dimensional graphics, but they are not applicable in real-time visualization systems (computer games) due to their computational complexity. Although work is being done in this direction, for example, in this article it is proposed to use quadrics with perturbation functions as primitives, which allows you to create complex shapes of objects using a minimum of primitives. However, it seems to me that in the near future we should not expect the emergence of widely available graphics accelerators capable of providing a sufficiently high speed for rendering such surfaces.
As an alternative to flat triangles and complex curvilinear functions, I propose to consider graphic primitives such as spherical triangles.
A spherical triangle is three points on a sphere connected by great circle arcs. The most interesting Eulerian spherical triangles are those that lie entirely in one hemisphere. On the one hand, they are no longer flat objects, but on the other hand, they can be easily specified by three vertices and the radius of the circle on which they lie (the radius of curvature). In fact, this task is not unique - a triangle can be either convex or concave. We will assume that a triangle with a positive radius of curvature is convex, and a triangle with a negative radius is concave.
There are many benefits to using spherical triangles with flat triangles:
The illustrations for this article were rendered in a specially written demo program. This program reads scene information from a text file given as a parameter. This way you can create your own scenes. You just need to take into account that this program cannot display flat triangles - only spherical ones. Although a spherical triangle with a large radius of curvature may well pass for a flat one.
Projection of a spherical triangle onto the picture plane with texture overlay
We will assume that we know the following parameters of a spherical triangle:
First of all, you need to find the center of the sphere on which this triangle lies.
To do this, consider the plane in which all three vertices A, B, C of the triangle lie. The intersection of a sphere and a plane produces a circle, which is the circumscribed circle of a triangle. Its center P lies at the point of intersection of the median perpendiculars and can be found using the following formula:
If the determinant in the denominator is zero, it can be replaced by the same one, but with a different pair of coordinates - (y, z) or (x, z). One of them will be non-zero, if only because the vector product of a and b is a non-zero vector.
A vector with a beginning at the center of the sphere O and an end at the center of the circle P is collinear to the normal vector n. Thus, we obtain a right triangle APO, the hypotenuse and one leg of which are known. This allows you to find point O using the following formula:
Whether the triangle is convex or concave depends on the sign in front of the root in this formula. We agreed that the convexity/concavity will be specified by the sign of the radius; this is where it plays a role.
It is enough to find the center of the sphere only once - in the future, you just need to apply the same transformations to it as to the vertices.
Let's assume that we have calculated the geometry and now we need to display a spherical triangle on the picture plane. First of all, it is useful to determine whether it is visible at all. A flat triangle is considered visible if its normal is directed towards the picture plane. With spherical triangles, things are a little more complicated. A spherical triangle is visible if at least one of the vectors OA, OB, OC is directed towards the picture plane.
After checking for visibility, the spherical triangle needs to be projected onto the picture plane. We will assume that it coincides with the plane z = 0, and the projecting straight lines are parallel to the Oz axis.
We organize the projection process as follows - we scan all the pixels of the picture plane output window and for each we determine the color if it lies inside the spherical triangle. In fact, there are methods that allow you to do without scanning the entire output window, limiting yourself to only the pixels lying inside the boundaries of the triangle. The problem here is that the boundaries are elliptic curves. The demo program mentioned above implements one of these methods, and at fairly high speed. But this method is quite complicated and relates more to software optimization methods, so I will leave it outside the scope of this article. We will assume that the entire output window is scanned.
Having received the coordinates (x, y) of a pixel, you need to find the z coordinate of point X on the sphere projected into this pixel. This can be done using the following formula:
If the expression under the root is less than zero, then not a single point of the sphere is projected into this pixel. If equal to zero, then there is only one such point. If it is greater than zero, then there are two such points - on the outer surface of the sphere and on the inner. Which one to choose is again a question of convexity/concavity, and as a consequence, the sign of the radius.
Knowing the z-coordinate gives you many options, for example, you can use the z-buffer to check visibility.
To get rid of these effects, I propose to expand the vector AX into a basis of the vectors AB, AC and OX. Using the OX vector introduces nonlinear distortions that “stretch” the texture over the entire spherical triangle. The decomposition is carried out by the following formulas (we only need the first two coordinates, so I omitted the third formula):
Texture coordinates (Xu, Xv) are found using the following formulas:
Knowing the texture coordinates and texture, it is already easy to find the color of a pixel.
Although the formulas look rather cumbersome, their software implementation works quite quickly.
Some problems and ways to solve them
When modeling a "flying saucer" I had the following problem:
It turned out that no matter how hard I tried, the corners of the triangles stuck out at the junction. The fact is that, as I already wrote, a spherical triangle is formed by three arcs of great circles. This means that only in the region of the equator do the lower faces of the triangles lie in the same plane. But then the “plate” degenerates into a sphere. You can break each half into many spherical triangles, but this contradicts the very idea of using these primitives.
How to remove the circle on the Android screen
You can disable this circle button easily and simply in the settings:
You can disable the navigation button in settings
I don’t know about you, but controlling Android using the navigation button doesn’t work for me. I have long been accustomed to using swipes, which quite easily forgive all sorts of errors and inaccuracies. Gestures are very good because they allow you to control the system with fairly sweeping movements. I can swipe from the bottom of the screen to the top, or I can abort the gesture before reaching the middle. I can go back one step by swiping from both the left and right edges of the screen. In general, very convenient.
The navigation button is, firstly, too small to be easily accessed if you haven't used a similar button on iOS before, and secondly, the multitasking menu gesture it offers is too short to be used. could be called convenient. With my fingers, it’s much more comfortable for me to be able to drag it to half the screen or further. Well, you choose what suits your taste.
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Crossed out circle on iPhone and Android screen: what to do?
People who use smartphones often notice various strange symbols on the top line of the screen. It’s like you don’t do anything, you don’t press anywhere, but in the end something will still pop up.
In the article we will analyze such an icon as a crossed out circle. Also, we will not limit ourselves to Apple technology, but will also look at Android.
Wash
Washing is a group of signs that denotes all manipulations for washing clothes, starting from permission to wash, ending with temperature and mode. The main symbol in this group is a basin of water.
- A basin with water and the signature “machine wash”, or “mashine wash” - machine washable;
- A basin with water and one horizontal line at the bottom - it is allowed to wash, but carefully, without rubbing, squeezing or twisting;
- A basin with water and two horizontal lines at the bottom is the most gentle hand wash mode, with plenty of water. It completely eliminates spinning and friction, only light rinsing movements;
- A crossed out basin means a complete ban on washing, that is, you can immediately look at the instructions for dry cleaning, if any;
- The basin with the numbers 30, 40, 60, 90 indicates the temperature for washing clothes;
- A basin with water and a hand inside is a sign of hand washing.
Crossed out circle on Android screen
This symbol most often appears on Android phones.
Each icon has its own purpose. Sometimes we can understand the problem intuitively, and sometimes they look a little exotic - unfortunately, simple intuition and logic are not enough.
This circle with a line looks like a stop sign, so just imagine it slightly tilted, "crooked". Let's look at each case of its occurrence separately.
Connection
A crossed out circle may appear instead of a network indicator. This basically means that there is a complete lack of communication or a failure with the mobile operator.
It is worth noting that in such a situation the icon does not appear on Apple equipment. The Internet is not displayed, that is, the wi-fi icon simply disappears from the screen.
If you really don’t like this symbol or it bothers your nerves, causing you to experience vague anxiety, then we recommend restarting your phone or trying to find a working network. Sometimes you have to wait a few hours for the sign to go away on its own.
Volume
Photo: crossed out circle on the Android screen Here things are a little worse, you will have to do several steps before getting rid of the red icon.
The icon itself in this situation shows: Do Not Disturb mode is enabled. In this mode, the user will not be able to receive notifications from programs - they will be muted until this function is disabled. You may also not hear the sound from games, like others.
You can disable the feature in several ways. Detailed instructions:
Attention! On iPhone, Do Not Disturb mode is indicated by a crescent moon at the top of the smartphone screen.
Dry cleaning
This group of symbols will be the most informative for dry cleaning service employees, as they indicate the types of chemical exposure to fabric. The symbol for dry cleaning icons is a circle and various letters inside it.
- Circle - means dry cleaning of clothes, that is, specialized dry cleaning of clothes;
- A circle with the letter “P” inside means permission to use conventional reagents, except trichlorethylene;
- A circle with the letter “P” inside and a horizontal line below - the same meaning as the previous point, but the cleaning conditions should be more gentle;
- Circle with the letter "F" inside - dictate the use of gentle, gentle solvents such as hydrocarbons and trichloromethane;
- A circle with the letter “A” inside - allows you to use any solvent, but with care;
- A crossed out circle means any dry cleaning is prohibited; no dry cleaner will undertake the work with this sign, as the result may be unexpected.