Characteristics of fish
You can meet catfish in almost every major river in Russia. To catch it, you should go night fishing. During the day, representatives of this species burrow deep into the mud and lie on the muddy bottom. Some adult individuals can gain weight up to three centners and have a length of about five meters.
Such specimens are found infrequently, and it is not always possible to get them out of the water. Individuals weighing up to 20 kg are used to prepare various fish dishes. When cooked correctly, the meat of young fish has an amazing taste.
It should be noted that representatives of this species do not have scales, unlike other fish. This fact greatly facilitates cleaning. The process of cutting catfish is also not particularly difficult due to the absence of small bones in the muscles and tail. Its structure assumes only the presence of a ridge and ribs.
Irrigation products
Antiseptics, saline solutions, folk remedies are what you can use to rinse your nose when treating sinusitis at home.
Antiseptics
For infectious sinusitis, it is recommended to use pharmaceutical drugs that prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microflora:
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine recipes are based on the anti-inflammatory properties of some natural ingredients:
- Propolis is famous for its antiseptic and regenerating effect. To obtain a solution, add 15-20 drops of 10% tincture to a glass of warm water.
- Aloe, onion, parsley, and beet juice, known for their antimicrobial properties, are mixed with water in a ratio of 1:3.
- Herbal antiseptics (sage, St. John's wort, chamomile, bay leaf) are brewed with boiling water - 1 tablespoon of dry raw materials per glass of water, left for 20-30 minutes. You can rinse the nasal cavity with the herbal decoction several times a day.
Water-salt solutions
The benefits of rinsing the nose with saline are described in treatises of ancient Eastern medicine, which give recommendations applicable to sinusitis. It is known that sodium and chlorine ions regulate the water-salt balance of cells in the human body. Microelements (Ca, Mg, Zn, Se), which are contained in salt crystals, stimulate the functioning of the ciliated epithelium and local immune mechanisms. The water-salt solution helps thin the exudate, moisturizes the mucous membranes, and has a mild antiseptic effect.
The most common means for sanitizing the nasal cavity is an isotonic solution (0.9%). Its composition is close to blood plasma, therefore, when it enters the nasal cavity, it does not cause severe discomfort. To prepare it, 1 teaspoon of table salt is dissolved in 0.5 liters of water. The solution should be strained to remove solid particles. To increase mucolytic properties, you can add a pinch of baking soda to the liquid; a few drops of iodine will enhance the antimicrobial effect.
If sinusitis is accompanied by severe swelling, it is appropriate to periodically use a more saturated hypertonic solution (1.8-2.3%), which draws out excess fluid from the mucous membrane. This solution is obtained by dissolving 2 teaspoons of salt in 0.5 liters of boiled water.
To irrigate the baby’s nose, only isotonic formulations are used, and preference should be given to pharmaceutical products whose sterility is guaranteed (for example, Aqualor Baby).
Using Aqualor products
Aqualor nasal irrigation preparations contain sea water from the Atlantic coast. The solutions are ready for use and placed in sealed containers with spray nozzles.
The use of Aqualor drugs is indicated for sinusitis of infectious and allergic origin, including sinusitis without a runny nose, when the inflammatory process is not accompanied by mucus secretion. The products can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Cleaning process before cooking
There are no scales on the body of a representative of this species, but there is mucus with an unpleasant smell of mud. In order not to spoil the dish during the cooking process, you must carefully remove it. Fish can be eaten with the skin if the carcass is properly cleaned and the smell is removed. Beginners who do not know how to clean catfish at home should first familiarize themselves with the sequence of actions:
- The fish is first sprinkled with coarse salt. You can take the carcass and roll it in it.
- Take a cotton napkin and rub it thoroughly over the fish carcass. You can use a glove for convenience.
- Using the blunt side of a knife, remove any remaining salt and mucus from the skin. After this procedure, it should acquire a light shade.
- The carcass is thoroughly washed.
Another useful way
Some housewives remove the layer of mucus this way: pour hot water over the fish - the mucous substance curls up, the substance is removed from the surface with the blunt side of a kitchen knife. Do not use boiling water, as high temperatures may damage the skin.
In order to completely rid the fish product of the swampy taste, it is better not to use the skin at all in preparing the dish, because even thorough cleaning with salt, water and scraping will still not rid the catfish skin of the “flavor”, which will ultimately affect the taste of the entire dish. But if you still need the skin, then table salt is the first “savior” from mucus.
Gutting the carcass
You can also gut catfish without much effort. This process is carried out in several stages:
- You can cut the fish by laying it on its back. Make a shallow puncture near the head from the side of the abdomen, so as not to damage the insides and especially the gallbladder. A knife is inserted into the hole made with the tip up and, pulling back the abdominal part, the instrument is pulled from the head to the anus.
- The resulting incision in the peritoneum is carefully opened and the entrails are removed. They should not be torn off from the head so as not to damage the bile bladder. If it bursts, the meat will become bitter and unsuitable for cooking. If bile gets on the meat, you need to wipe these places with a napkin and rub with salt. After a few minutes, the salt is washed off and the meat becomes normal.
- The front gills are trimmed and removed along with the intestines.
- The films on the inner walls are scraped off.
- The fins are trimmed on both sides with a sharp knife along their location. Begin removing fins from the tail, moving towards the head.
Catfish caviar is a delicacy, and if it is found in a carcass, it should be carefully removed and peeled from the films using a fork. The caviar can be salted or fried.
Filleting
They begin filleting the catfish carcass only after complete cleaning. Most often, the skin is also removed before cutting. The prepared fish is placed on its side to remove the head. Then a transverse incision is made at the base of the caudal fin. You need to cut through all the muscles on 1 side up to the spinal bone, but do not cut it.
Then they begin to trim the meat, holding the knife parallel to the table. For large fish, this is done in stages, gradually deepening the cut and carefully removing the layer from the spine and bones from the upper and lower sides. Having reached the beginning of the rib part, they continue to trim the meat only on the back, leaving the ribs intact. When the cut reaches the end, the knife is turned parallel to the ridge and the fillet is cut from the rib part, moving the blade from the spine to the edges of the cut on the belly.
The cut fillet does not contain small bones. If the meat was removed from the ribs carelessly, several bones will remain on the surface of the abdominal wall on the inside. They must be removed individually.
The half with the vertebral bone is turned over with the flesh facing up, the meat is cut to the spine and the procedure is repeated.
The severed head, ridge with caudal fin and skin do not need to be thrown away. They are used to prepare a delicious broth for fish soup or aspic, and the skin is now considered a fashionable decoration and flavoring addition to fish dishes. It is cut into thin “noodles” and fried in oil.
Skinning catfish
As a rule, leather is not used for preparing second courses. To clean catfish for frying, you need to follow the following algorithm:
- Take fish that have been previously washed, dried and gutted, with the fins removed.
- Using a sharp knife, make a circular cut of the skin across the body behind the gills and one longitudinal cut in the middle of the back.
- It is recommended to grab the edge of the skin near the head with pliers and pull it towards the tail. If necessary, it should be trimmed with a knife.
- Having removed the skin from one half of the fish, proceed to the second part.
It is much more convenient to carry out this process with a whole fish carcass. Catfish can be cut into portions or filleted. The smell of mud will almost completely disappear after removing the skin. If it is possible to hang the fish by the gills, then you should use this method; in this arrangement of the carcass it is much more convenient to remove the skin.
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To remove mucus, you can also dip the carcass in a pan of boiling water for 10 seconds; the mucus stuck to the scales will coagulate like egg white. Further rinsing with cool water completely cleans the fish. Another way is to rub the fish with a lot of salt so that it does not slip in your hands.
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Elimination of specific odor
People do not always show a desire to cook catfish meat because of its specific smell. Often, not only the skin, but also the meat is saturated with the unpleasant aroma of mud. It manifests itself especially strongly in old fish. There are several ways to get rid of this drawback.
Before preparing dishes from catfish meat, it is first poured with lemon juice or dry white wine and kept in this “marinade” for about 20 minutes. After this time has elapsed, the fillet is washed with clean water.
Some professionals recommend soaking the meat in milk for about three hours before cooking. This procedure not only eliminates the smell, but also makes it tastier. In the process of preparing dishes, it is necessary to use spices, for example, allspice.
Ultrasonic facial cleansing against blackheads
The procedure, while soft and painless, allows you to deeply cleanse the pores and free the skin of toxins. Facial cleansing for blackheads is recommended even for problem skin.
Will ultrasonic facial cleansing remove blackheads? She's worth doubting! Ultrashort waves penetrate into the deep layers of the skin, eliminating impurities, sebum deposits, and dead cells.
Ultrasonic facial cleansing not only helps with blackheads, but also has a massage effect and smoothes out wrinkles. Cleansing the face from blackheads with ultrasound returns youth to the skin. After it, the skin becomes soft and tender.
The cleansing procedure begins with treating the skin with mineral-based tonics and special gels. They help open pores. After which ultrasound brings all contaminants to the surface.
- Does not require preliminary preparation. Thanks to this, the entire procedure will take no more than 20 minutes, which is much faster than other types of facial cleansing.
- Gently eliminates dead skin cells
- Effective wrinkle smoothing
- Visible narrowing of pores
- Possibility of regulating sebum production
- Return of skin tone
The effect of ultrasonic cleaning is noticeable immediately! After the procedure, you can safely meet with friends or go to work - your skin will glow with cleanliness and well-groomed.
Safety precautions when cutting
When cutting up a catfish carcass, you should be wary of sharp thorns. They are located on the fins of the fish behind the gills. In young individuals they are sharper than in older ones and can easily penetrate the skin.
Some species of catfish contain poison in the spinal column. To avoid trouble, you need to know in advance which catfish are best to catch and which ones to avoid.
When cutting a carcass, you should work with the knife away from you to avoid injury. When removing fins, you can use pliers or other handy tools.
It is good to use catfish meat for cooking steaks and kebabs, as well as for cold or hot smoking. If the fish is properly cut and cleaned, you can prepare many delicious dishes from this meat.
Kidney stones. What you need to know and how to treat correctly
- After putting on gloves, you need to pour up to 1.5 liters of water into Esmarch’s mug with the addition of a tablespoon of Vaseline, sunflower or castor oil. Instead of oil, you can use soap shavings.
- Next, you need to open the valve on the rubber tube and fill it with water. After this, the valve should be closed. Esmarch's mug is suspended on a special stand at a height of one meter. The tip is lubricated with Vaseline.
- Having spread the buttocks, you need to insert the tip into the anus to a depth of 10 cm. The first 3-5 cm, the movement of the tip must be carried out in the direction of the navel, then parallel to the spine. Then open the valve of the system so that water begins to flow into the intestines. You should monitor the speed at which water is introduced: fast can cause pain, and if the movement of water in the system slows or completely stops, you should raise the mug higher or give the tip a different position.
- After introducing all the water, close the system valve, explain to the patient about the need to hold the water for a few minutes, carefully remove the tip, and present the vessel to the patient. The procedure is considered successful when feces are released along with water.
The face, without exaggeration, is the calling card of any woman. And everyone strives for the ideal. Clean and well-groomed skin is an indicator not only of external beauty, but also of health. And in this matter there is no place for black dots on the face! Experts will tell you how to deal with skin imperfections.
Recommendations
The Urology Clinic of the Sechenov First Medical University has the necessary equipment and all methods for treating urolithiasis. We will select drug therapy for you. Based on the composition of the stone and the biochemical parameters of the blood, we will calculate a diet to prevent the development of the disease.
If stones need to be removed, we will do it in a modern way. Without a cavity incision, there will be no stitch left on your body. We will get to the stone through a puncture in the lumbar region, or we will not touch the skin at all - we will pass the micro-instrument through the urethra. We will crush the stone using a laser or shock wave lithotripsy.
Urolithiasis today cannot be cured, but we will help you remove stones painlessly. You will get rid of all the symptoms of urolithiasis. And within five days you will return to normal life.
Features of cleaning catfish
