During operation, iron pipes from public communication systems are subject to corrosion. This leads to a deterioration in the quality of drinking liquid, making it unsafe for health. To prevent possible problems, comprehensive water purification from rust is necessary.
Water purification from rust is the process of removing impurities containing iron compounds from water.
What is rust
Iron is a reactive metal that undergoes rapid oxidation upon contact with oxygen and water. During this interaction, various compounds are formed, including hydrates, hydroxides and oxides. There is no exact formula for rust, since depending on environmental conditions it has a variable composition: nFe(OH)3*mFe(OH)2*pH2O.
All metal surfaces are subject to corrosion processes, but welds, internal components and threaded holes rust the most.
Externally, rust is a loose formation without much adhesion to the metal. Due to increased porosity, such a layer retains atmospheric moisture and creates favorable conditions for further destruction of the metal.
Countryside and suburbs
Not only residents of apartment buildings, but also residents of the private sector, even those with an individual well, face problems. Therefore, methods of water purification at home are relevant for everyone.
Water with rust can also come out of a well. A third of the samples reveal dangerous health indicators. Often, samples in underground and open water bodies do not meet the requirements. There is a critical shortage of drinking water. Therefore, in country houses, wells and boreholes serve as such sources.
Causes of rusty water
The main reason for the appearance of rust in water is the natural wear and tear of main pipes. If the problem is an outdated system, then rusty water will bother all residents of an apartment building.
The cause of rusty water is wear and tear of the main pipes.
The next reason is the natural properties of the underground source, from where the liquid is sent to consumers. Visually, water can be transparent and clean, but when it interacts with air, it produces an unpleasant odor. To restore normal properties, it is necessary to perform repeated purification to convert the iron into an insoluble form.
Expert advice
Do not use sulfuric acid (such as battery fluid) to clean pipes - it is unsafe to use and produces toxic compounds that can leach into drinking and shower water.
A favorite remedy for home plumbers, vinegar and baking soda are not effective for cleaning pipes.
Before cleaning, you should try to determine whether the entire system is clogged or whether only part of it is clogged - that should be cleaned.
Water meters can only be cleaned by flushing. You cannot clean it with a cable or chemically - you can damage the meter.
If there is a lot of plaque and it cannot be cleaned, it means that the meter is already 12-15 years old and you should think about replacing it.
After disassembling and reassembling part of the network, it is necessary to carry out hydraulic tests - fill the network with water and carefully check all joints for leaks.
Why is the presence of rust in water dangerous?
Rusty water poses a danger not only to household appliances (dishwashers, washing machines or boilers), but also to the human body. The use of such a composition negatively affects the appearance, condition of nails, hair and skin.
An increased concentration of iron leads to the following consequences:
- Destruction of tooth enamel.
- Development of allergic reactions.
- The emergence of problems with the gastrointestinal tract and other important systems.
In addition, rust impurities shorten the service life of water heating equipment and plumbing fixtures. Natural sources contain ferrous hydroxide.
Interacting with oxygen, it acquires the formula Fe(OH)3 and turns into an insoluble precipitate.
What to do with contaminated bowl surfaces?
Mechanical cleaning is indispensable.
It is necessary to prepare special compositions for destroying and removing rust, brushes and sponges. For a large pool bowl, you will need a rotary machine, which will simplify and speed up the process. Stages of cleaning pool surfaces:
- Drain the water and apply Vertolin to the surface or any other composition to dissolve salts and rust. It will be more convenient to use a spray bottle, which evenly distributes the composition on the surface.
- Under the influence of the product, after 10-15 minutes the rust will soften, and it can be washed off with a sponge and soapy water.
- Heavy deposits can be rubbed off with a brush and the composition can be reapplied.
- After cleaning, you need to rinse the surfaces with running water, preferably 2-3 times.
Anti-rust products contain acid. During the procedure, you need to wear skin and respiratory protection.
Features of water purification filters
Filters for hot water purification differ from models for cold water supply. Due to elevated temperatures, it is customary to choose a mainline installation, cutting filter parts directly into the pipe to send the purified liquid to all parts of the room.
Hot water filters purify liquid.
The systems are made from plastic or metal that can withstand high temperatures and does not deform.
Identical materials are used to manufacture cleaning cartridges.
How to choose a rust filter
The correct choice of a rust filter for water supply depends on taking into account the following parameters:
- daily water consumption;
- required level of cleaning.
Laboratory testing of water samples will determine iron saturation, the presence of harmful contaminants, and the level of contamination. Based on the results of the analysis, a main filter for rust is selected, followed by a filter for fine water purification.
Filter classification
To effectively remove rust from water, it is subjected to several treatment cycles. First of all, large mechanical particles are removed, and then colloidal suspensions.
Cartridge
The filter design includes a flask and a replaceable cartridge. The latter can be a thread piece that holds contaminants 1 micron in size, or a special mesh that prevents the passage of impurities 20-100 microns in size. The second type is considered more effective, while it is superior to the thread version in terms of durability. The nets are suitable for repeated use.
Trunk
Trunk models are intended for cold and hot water supply pipes. With their help you can get rid of mechanical impurities, foreign odors and tastes.
Main filters are intended for pipes. Buy
Mesh
This category includes devices with a brass body, inside of which a stainless steel mesh is fixed. Cell size is from 100 to 900 microns. The smaller the cell, the more efficiently the liquid is purified.
Mesh models are characterized by their low cost, resistance to elevated temperatures or pressure surges, and good throughput capabilities.
Automated
Automated filters are equipped with special timers and pressure control sensors. Cartridge cleaning is performed automatically, without user assistance. Representatives of this group are characterized by maximum productivity, but are expensive.
Automated filters have timers and sensors.
Jugs
According to the principle of operation, such devices resemble flow-through models that are installed under the sink. Water is purified from harmful inclusions by percolating through a filter layer.
In this case, the jugs are not connected to a water pipe or water container. To activate the filter, just place it in a convenient place and pour water into it. The cleaning process will not take more than 5 minutes.
Buy
Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis systems provide high-quality drinking liquid. In most cases, they are installed under the kitchen sink, connecting the output to a faucet or mixer with 2 channels.
Reverse osmosis filters allow you to obtain high-quality liquid.
A semi-permeable membrane is used as a filter, retaining up to 98% of inorganic and organic particles.
In addition, this layer does not allow pathogenic bacteria to pass through.
Buy
Flow-through
Flow units are characterized by high performance and affordable cost. They do not require additional mineralization. However, their degree of purification is lower than that of reverse osmosis models.
Buy
Faucet attachments
Faucet attachments are compact devices that are installed on the kitchen faucet spout.
Such devices provide 2 filtration cycles:
- Delay of mechanical inclusions.
- Purification of liquid through activated carbon.
Faucet attachments are installed on the spout.
Nozzles can be removable or stationary. The first involves installing a special adapter with an external thread on the spout. Stationary models are located on the spout without removal.
Buy
Norms of iron in drinking, technical water and used for household needs
For normal functioning of the body, an adult needs a complex of microelements. Numerous medical studies show that the daily requirement for iron is about 15-22 mg. We obtain the main part of this metal with water, and its content is strictly regulated by SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 at the level of 0.3 mg/l.
The World Health Organization determines that the maximum daily intake of this micronutrient should not exceed 0.8 mg/kg of a person's weight. Based on the TDI (tolerable daily intake), the total iron content should be from 2.0 to 3.0 mg/l. This value corresponds to Russian sanitary standards.
Water from wells and water pipes is used not only for drinking, but also for household needs:
- in automatic washing machines;
- in autonomous heating systems as a coolant;
- in dishwashers;
- in water heaters.
Requirements for purifying water from iron from a well or water supply networks in terms of Fe+ content are determined by manufacturers, and these indicators usually correspond to the mentioned Sanitary Regulations and Norms. When using household appliances, manufacturing companies recommend using special chemical additives to bring the parameters of the liquid used to the necessary requirements.
Criterias of choice
The assortment of the KVANTA+ online store offers different types of filters. When choosing the appropriate option, you need to take into account the method of water purification and the specific contaminants that it can cope with.
Before purchasing, you need to order a water analysis. This service costs from 900 to 12 thousand rubles.
The next criterion is filter performance. If you only need to get drinking liquid, then the optimal consumption is 2.5 l/day per person. If water will be used to wash food, its amount must be increased 3 times - about 8 l/person.
Tips: how to purchase a quality cleaning system?
Anti-rust water filters are sold both by online stores that sell a variety of household appliances and by specialized companies dealing with water treatment systems.
If we are talking about inexpensive filter jugs or faucet attachments, then you can use the services of any store you like.
But you should not focus on the products of little-known Chinese manufacturers. It is better to find a suitable option among Russian or European brands.
To purchase flow-through and osmotic units, it is advisable to contact specialized companies that have been working on the market for many years.
Their employees will provide qualified consulting services and help you select equipment that meets all requirements for productivity, cleaning quality and cost.
Typically, such companies not only supply filters, but also provide services for their installation, warranty and post-warranty service.
Installation features
You can install a filter for hot water supply directly at the entrance to the home mains, provided that it is a coarse cleaning device. To improve the quality of the final product, fine cleaning devices are used.
Before installation work, you need to make sure that the cross-section of the hot water pipes corresponds to the parameters of the outlet and inlet on the filter or is 1 cm less.
In this case, the installation will be completed without any particular difficulties.
The filter must be installed at the entrance to the home mains.
Installation of the main filter is carried out according to the following instructions:
- Apply sealant to the threads using appropriately sized fittings.
- Tighten the connecting parts until they stop on both sides and leave for 15 minutes until the silicone is completely fixed.
- Apply fasteners to the filter, following the direction of the arrows.
- Try on the unit and place it with the fastening side against the wall.
- Use a pencil to mark the wall through the mounting holes.
- Putting the device aside, drill holes in the wall and install dowels.
- After returning the filter to its original position, attach the fasteners with self-tapping screws and tighten securely.
- Using plumber's scissors, cut off part of the structure before entering and exiting the filter device.
- Remove the part called “American” from the filter and put it on the product.
- Install the filter and crimp the edge of the pipe with a ring.
- Place the cartridge in the device flask if it has not been installed before.
How to do it yourself
A purification system for a country house and cottage can be assembled from available materials. Of course, in terms of functionality and ease of operation, it will be inferior to industrial types. When assembled correctly, the quality of the output water is no worse than that of ready-made devices.
Charcoal is the filtering ingredient of the design. For the equipment you will need two containers of 10 and 20 liters. The volumetric tank will become a receiver for clean moisture. A drain tap is screwed at the bottom. The bottom is lined with a sealant and carefully glued.
How to make a cleaning system Source okanalizacii.ru
A small one is inserted into the neck of a large container. A filter device is placed in a small container. The cartridge is made from a piece of plastic pipe. The part is tightly filled with crushed charcoal and wrapped in gauze with a thin layer of cotton wool. The element must firmly connect both containers.
Water is poured into the upper container. The liquid passes through the filter layer, accumulating in the receiver. During the first 3 procedures, dark particles will be present in the water, which will gradually disappear.
The performance of a homemade filter depends on the cleaning device. You can increase the thickness (diameter) and length of the cartridge. On average, the unit passes 2-3 liters of moisture per hour.
Making your own cleaner
You can make a device for cleaning liquids at home. To do this, you need to prepare suitable available tools and materials.
Materials
A filter made of PVC, a plastic canister or a small barrel is suitable for a domestic hot water system. Activated carbon, gravel or zeolite can be used as an absorbent material. To increase the efficiency of the system, it is better to combine several layers in 1 device. In this case, the gravel should be on top, providing rough cleaning. Intermediate filtration will be performed by coal or sand. Zeolite needs to be fixed at the bottom for fine cleaning.
You can make the cleaner yourself from a canister.
Step-by-step instruction
A primitive activated carbon filter is created according to the following instructions:
- Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle, and then place a fibrous cotton layer, non-woven fiber or bandage folded several times into the neck.
- Pour coal into ¼ of the capacity of the container.
- The next layer is sand.
- Make a hole in the bottle cap and screw it onto the neck.
- Using a wire, set the container vertically, place a container under it and pour liquid into the filter.
Household methods for removing iron from water yourself
It is possible to reduce the content of this microelement in liquid coming from a central water supply or well without sophisticated equipment. There are a number of simple, accessible methods for deferrizing water:
- Advocacy;
- Boiling;
- Freezing.
To these methods you should add the use of a homemade filter filled with activated carbon. You can make a filter for water from iron in the country with your own hands at home without significant financial costs. Let us consider these methods and their mechanisms of action in more detail.
Advocacy
If the original liquid from a well or water supply is poured into a container and left for a while, it will become cleaner, and a red-colored sediment will form on the bottom. The fact is that part of the divalent Fe2+ contained in water comes into contact with air and begins to actively oxidize and form insoluble compounds.
How to purify water from iron from a well with your own hands - to implement this method, you must do the following:
- Calculate average daily water consumption.
- Select two appropriate containers made of plastic or stainless steel of special food grades.
- Install the tanks in a heated room under the ceiling or on the second floor in a cascade: the first is higher than the second.
- Source water is supplied from a well or water supply system to the upper container over the edge. The liquid in it should settle for at least a day.
- An overflow pipe is installed at a certain height from the bottom of the tank, through which the settled water is drained into the supply tank.
- The remainder of the water from the first container with impurities is drained into the sewer and the cycle is repeated.
Such a simple do-it-yourself system for purifying water from iron can significantly reduce the total content of iron compounds in water, making it suitable for drinking and cooking. The device requires daily draining and filling of containers, and draining of sludge and contaminants.
Boiling
When heated, ferrous iron reacts with dissolved and atmospheric oxygen, resulting in oxidation and the formation of insoluble compounds. The latter precipitate into a red (rusty) color and scale appears on the bottom of the dishes. To deferrize water, it is necessary to boil it for 7-10 minutes; after cooling, it is advisable to pour it into a non-metallic container.
This method allows you to remove iron from water with your own hands and completely remove bacterial components from the water: microorganisms die when boiled, and the products of their metabolism disintegrate. The described method of reducing the iron content in water is extremely expensive: a lot of gas or electricity is consumed for heating. It can be used only on a limited scale to obtain drinking water.
Freezing
This method, which allows you to purify water from iron at home, is based on the difference in the temperature of the transition of clean and contaminated water into a solid state. To implement this method, just fill a plastic bottle with liquid from the tap and put it in the freezer. When most of it turns into ice, the process can be considered complete. We remove the container from the freezer and drain the unfrozen part of the water along with the excess dissolved iron into the sewer. We wait until the ice melts. The resulting water will be clean, suitable for drinking and cooking. The freezing method for purifying water from iron with your own hands has the same disadvantages as boiling. Accordingly, the restrictions on its use are similar.
Popular makes and models
In the KVANTA+ store in Tyumen you can buy filters from leading manufacturers. The company offers a wide selection of models at affordable prices.
"Aquaphor"
The Russian company produces many cartridges and filters for household use. Particularly popular is the Aquaboss-1-02 device, which is distinguished by its ease of use and budget price. If the module fails, you can find an inexpensive replacement.
Aquaphor produces many cartridges and filters.
Buy
"Geyser"
The company's product range includes filters of different price segments. The Geyser 1PF model provides effective water purification and is intended to protect boilers and washing machines from scale.
Buy
"Barrier"
"Barrier Smart Opti-Lite" is an inexpensive Russian-made jug with a stylish body design and support for up to 8 types of cassettes. 1 filter element can process up to 350 liters of liquid.
Barrier is a jug with a stylish design.
Buy
BWT
The Austrian company BWT produces the Protector mini 1/2 CR model. This filter is compact and has a capacity of up to 1.6 cubic meters per hour.
Honeywell
The FF06 1/2AAM device from the German company Honeywell belongs to the mechanical category. The brass body can withstand water temperatures up to 70°C.
Honeywell - water purification device.
Buy
Atoll
Atoll's production facilities are located in Russia and the USA. The Atoll A-550m STD/a-560Em model is suitable for a family of 4-5 people. The complex device supports 5-stage cleaning.
Buy
Atlas Filtri
In the catalog of the Italian company Atlas Filtri, the Senior Plus Hot 3P-AFP SX ½ model is in particular demand. The mechanical cartridge-type device is able to cope with any type of suspended particles.
Atlas Filtri is an Italian filter.
Organic
The Ukrainian company produces inexpensive drinking filters with a simple design and operating principle. The Organic Master series is aimed at basic liquid purification, while it can be converted into a reverse osmosis system.
Aquafilter
The Polish brand Aquafilter gained popularity after the release of the FHHOT34-HPR-S model. The filter device contains a glass and a lid. The cleaning cartridge must be purchased separately.
Aquafilter is a popular Polish brand.
EcoWater Systems
The eXPERT series deferrizers from EcoWater Systems are advanced systems for processing large volumes of liquid. The Oxy 700+ model allows you to get rid of manganese, hydrogen sulfide and iron in water, which are often present in artesian wells.
General information
Types of impurities
There are four types of iron impurities in well fluid. Each connection has characteristic features:
1.In the form of elemental iron. When the element enters water, a substance of ferric iron is formed. This means that rust is forming. The water takes on a brown tint; if it stands, it will become cloudy.
2.In the form of ferrous iron. This species is soluble in water, so signs of its presence are not visible.
3.In the form of ferric iron. This type of element is present in different compounds, precipitating.
4. Organic iron impurities. Contained in liquids as components of various chemical substances, for example, colloidal or bacterial types.
Attention! Typically, well water contains different types of iron at the same time. This should be taken into account during cleaning.
How to see the presence of iron impurities
If water is oversaturated with iron, it can be harmful to health. At the same time, it harms plumbing fixtures, pumping equipment, taps, and traces of rust form on the enamel.
To identify iron elements in tap water, you need to pay attention to:
1. When the source contains divalent iron, it cannot be seen immediately. You can collect the liquid in a container and leave it to sit for some time; as a result, a brown sediment will fall to the bottom.
2.the presence of ferric iron can be determined by smell. The water will have a dark yellow tint and smell bad. When water settles in a container, the liquid will become light, and iron will form a precipitate. This type can be found in residential water supply systems of the city system.
3. if the liquid in the container forms a film coating similar to an oil composition, it means that there is a bacterial type of iron compound in the water.
Attention! Iron can be determined by three signs: the brown color of the water, sediment, the presence of a pungent odor, and a multi-colored film.
Other water purification methods
If there are no filters to remove rust, you can use third-party cleaning methods.
Among them:
- Advocacy.
- Aeration.
- Ozonation.
- Regent deferrization.
- Iron removal using ion exchange resins.
Advocacy
The method consists in separating mechanical particles through gravitational influence. Sedimentation is used as both primary and intermediate purification.
Settlement is used as primary purification.
Aeration
Aeration means removing rust with oxygen. During such exposure, iron oxidizes and precipitates, turning into flakes.
Ozonation
Ozone is considered a fairly effective substance to combat harmful bacteria and organic inclusions. Being a powerful oxidizing agent, it transforms complex elements into simple ones, allowing you to clean the liquid from rust impurities.
Reagent deferrization
The method of treating liquids without aeration is used in cases of high metal concentrations, severe contamination and unstable water composition. It effectively removes manganese and hydrogen sulfide.
Iron removal based on ion exchange resins
This process is called softening. It was originally used to eliminate calcium and magnesium salts. But today, deferrization with resins is also suitable for combating rust.
How to properly settle water?
Water settling is the most economical, but at the same time long-lasting way to solve the problem of how to clean rusty water. To perform the procedure correctly:
- Pour water into large containers.
- Leave for a while - from a couple of hours to several days. The duration depends on the amount of water and the degree of its contamination.
- Use as directed.
Advantages of settling water:
- Beneficial from the financial side.
- Ecological purity of the method.
Minuses:
- Long wait for results.
- Not suitable for obtaining water in large volumes to serve all domestic needs.
- Water is purified only from visible, relatively large particles and only rust.
Best answers
Esmeralda:
nothing, pull out the pipes and wash
Vladimir Z:
if the well is shallow - 15 meters (on a sand layer) - hammer it and forget it. it cannot be restored. they work for 7-8 years, no more. drill one more time. if it’s deep - 60 meters - on limestone, call a serious company. they will blow the well with a special one. solution under pressure from the tank machine and operation will be restored.
Dmitry Vasiliev:
I'll probably have to cut a new one
Elena:
...have you seen a machine that breaks through a sewer with water under very high pressure?... it will help... you won’t find a new one, just drill... there is no point in pulling out pipes - it will cost 2 times more..
Barabas:
We usually “shoot” a well, that’s what the method is called. Take a glass vial (from naphthyzine, for example, gun casings used to be used, but they often pierce the filter mesh), gunpowder is poured into it (the dose is selected experimentally) and wires (thin stranded 2 * 0.75 or even thinner, so that the ends touch each other so that there is a spark), then we close the bottle tightly and into the hole so that it doesn’t touch the bottom half a meter and we close the wires with a battery. Alternatively, you can do the same thing without a bubble, like making an explosion out of a thick paper bag, be sure to tightly wrap it with electrical tape and wrap it in a balloon.
Installation of hot water equipment
This question is not relevant for owners of private houses that are not connected to the main line, but take moisture from their own well. We will talk about apartment owners where there are several supply systems. A filter unit is installed on the main pipe. But to prepare food and quench your thirst, this is not enough; you will have to install a purification system, which is installed under the kitchen sink. Clear space of all unnecessary things, as you need to have enough space to replace cartridges or clean the structure.
Removing Harm
To solve any problem you need to know the reasons for its occurrence. Water pollution is no exception. Otherwise, you can endlessly use different methods, but still not solve the problem itself. As a result, a lot of nerves and finances will be spent, but you will still have to look for the reason. So it's better to do it right away.
If the reason why rusty water is coming into the house is due to the pipeline, then the best thing that can be done is to install plastic pipes. Of course, we cannot replace the entire sewer system through which water comes to our houses, but at least on our own site it is possible to do this. This way it will be possible to avoid other problems, for example, when the pipes simply begin to crumble from old age and you will have to break the walls in order to replace or repair them.
